Same Reading › Comprehension › Making inferences
What is making an inference?
An inference is something the reader figures out that the text doesn't say directly. If a character comes in with red cheeks and pulls off her mittens, you can infer it's cold outside. Many classes teach it as: text clues + what I know = inference.
- Text clues: what the words actually say.
- What I know: your own experience.
- Inference: the smart conclusion you put together.
Why schools teach it
Authors don't spell everything out
Good writing shows instead of tells: a character slams a door instead of the text saying “she was angry.” Third graders answer questions using the text (RL.3.1), and fourth graders refer to details when drawing inferences (RL.4.1).
The formula keeps inferences honest. Kids have to point to clues in the text, not just guess from their own ideas.
At the kitchen table
What to say, and what to skip
Say this
What clues does the author give you?
What do you already know about that?
So what can you figure out?
Which words make you think so?
Always ask for the proof.
Skip this
- Accepting a guess with no clue.An inference needs evidence from the text.
- Telling them the answer.Ask about the clues instead.
That's not in the book.
Inferences aren't stated. That's the point, as long as clues support them.
See it in action
Inferring a feeling
Read the clue
“Omar kicked a rock and walked home slowly.”Add what you know
people kick things and walk slowly when upsetMake the inference
Omar is upset or sad
Inferences about feelings are a great place to start. Kids already read faces and actions all day.
Free practice sheet
Make an inference sheet
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Parents: tell your child's teacher about this guide
Parents also ask
Is an inference a guess?
A smart guess backed by clues. If the text doesn't support it, it's just a guess.
Can there be more than one right inference?
Sometimes, as long as each one fits the clues.
How is this different from a prediction?
A prediction is an inference about what will happen next. Inferences can be about anything unstated.
How do we practice without worksheets?
Ask “how do you know?” during read-alouds and TV shows.